JISAO data
All-India June through September rainfall totals, Sontakke et al. 1844-1992

Historical record, 1844-1992
Image described below.

India experiences approximately 850 mm rainfall during June through September, and both year-to-year and decadal variability. The standard deviation of the seasonal values is 80 mm. The six vertical white lines are an artifact of creating the image file and will not appear when the PostScript file is printed.

Modern record, 1950-92
Image: The modern and historical records exhibit similar characteristics.


Plate 6 of Kaplan et al. (1998): Anomalies of the rainfall totals shaded green to blue and yellow to red for ENSO cold and warm episodes, respectively. Nino 3 sea surface temperature (SST) is taken as the ENSO index and it is derived from the Kaplan et al. data. India summertime rainfall and eq. Pacific SST tend to be anticorrelated. The Kaplan et al. SST data set is available through this link.

Digital values:

  • 2-column table: year, rainfall (mm)
  • 1-column table: rainfall (mm)

    Digital Values (mm)

        +0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9
 1840                      744  746  924  853  756  857
 1850  796  791  916  805  939  726  827  768  756  848
 1860  836  944  831  901  701  838  841  841  700  860
 1870  884  856  910  789  944  937  778  621  917  918
 1880  811  894  887  827  954  836  863  904  833  908
 1890  867  849  966  902  924  801  858  854  866  635
 1900  916  728  753  831  739  715  847  800  884  902
 1910  887  708  822  803  900  814  949  995  669  891
 1920  749  864  900  845  876  825  862  816  743  792
 1930  806  909  797  996  888  827  889  863  860  778
 1940  838  745  914  866  921  918  900  922  854  917
 1950  878  683  782  892  903  914  955  755  907  908
 1960  850 1021  824  850  926  717  751  875  766  834
 1970  976  924  667  938  747  965  871  932  910  720
 1980  887  887  773  941  840  830  752  701  966  856
 1990  914  874  822
    References:
    Sontakke, N. A., G. B. Pant, and N. Singh, 1993: Construction of all-India summer monsoon rainfall series for the period 1844-1991. J. Climate, 6, 1807-1811.
    Kaplan, A., M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A. C. Clement, M. B. Blumenthal, and B. Rajagopalan, 1998: Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856-1991. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18567-18589.
    February 1999
    Todd Mitchell (mitchell@atmos.washington.edu)
    JISAO data